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A record-breaking heatwave sweeping across Europe has claimed a heavy human toll, with France reporting nearly 1,000 excess deaths in just a few days as temperatures climbed to unprecedented levels across the continent. Health officials say the majority of those who died were elderly people, highlighting the growing vulnerability of ageing populations to extreme weather.

The soaring temperatures have not only overwhelmed hospitals and emergency services but also disrupted transport, strained electricity supplies and sparked wildfires in several countries. Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland recorded their highest temperatures on record, while many regions experienced mercury levels exceeding 40°C. Scientists say such intense and prolonged heatwaves have become far more likely because of human-induced climate change.

In France, health authorities observed a sharp rise in daily deaths during the peak of the heatwave compared with normal mortality figures. Most fatalities occurred among people aged 65 years and above, particularly those living alone or with existing medical conditions. Officials expect the death toll to increase as more reports are received from homes and long-term care facilities.

The crisis has revived painful memories of the devastating 2003 European heatwave, which claimed tens of thousands of lives and prompted governments to strengthen heat action plans. Despite those efforts, the latest weather emergency suggests that rising temperatures continue to pose a serious public health challenge, especially in densely populated cities where concrete structures trap heat and limit nighttime cooling.

Climate experts warn that Europe is warming faster than the global average, increasing the frequency and intensity of heatwaves. The World Health Organization has repeatedly called for stronger adaptation measures, including early warning systems, cooling centres, improved urban planning and better protection for vulnerable populations.

Public health experts note that heat-related illnesses are largely preventable if timely precautions are taken. Infants, older adults, pregnant women, outdoor workers and people with heart, kidney or respiratory diseases face the highest risk of dehydration, heat exhaustion and heatstroke during prolonged periods of extreme heat.

Stay Safe During Extreme Heat

*Drink water regularly: Don't wait until you're thirsty. Increase fluid intake and include oral rehydration solutions or electrolyte-rich drinks if sweating excessively.

*Avoid peak afternoon heat: Stay indoors between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m., when temperatures are usually at their highest.

*Wear light clothing: Loose-fitting, light-coloured cotton garments help the body stay cool.

*Keep homes cool: Close curtains during the day, improve ventilation and use fans or air conditioning where available.

*Have light meals: Choose fruits, vegetables, salads and water-rich foods such as watermelon, cucumber and citrus fruits. Avoid heavy, oily meals and excess alcohol.

*Limit strenuous activity: Schedule outdoor work or exercise during early morning or evening hours.

*Check on vulnerable people: Older adults, children and those with chronic illnesses may not recognise early signs of heat stress and may need assistance.

*Know the warning signs: Dizziness, excessive sweating, muscle cramps, nausea, rapid heartbeat, confusion or loss of consciousness require immediate medical attention, as they may indicate heatstroke.

With climate scientists predicting that extreme heat events will become more frequent and intense in the coming decades, experts say public awareness, preparedness and community support will be as important as government action in reducing heat-related fatalities.

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